Īlthough many benign variants of the femoral artery exist, there are some that are considered to be rare and potentially dangerous to the patient. The deep femoral artery gives rise to medial and lateral circumflex arteries that supply the femur and hip region before it dives deep into the thigh compartment and terminates as perforating deep tissue branches. The femoral vein courses posterior to the femoral artery through the adductor canal. Once it emerges from the adductor hiatus, its name changes to the popliteal artery which provides oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the knee compartment. As the superficial femoral artery traverses the adductor canal, it gives off minor branches to the muscles of the thigh. Before entering the adductor canal, it gives off the descending genicular artery that supplies part of the knee. The superficial femoral artery plays a crucial role in delivering oxygenated blood to the entire lower leg. ĭistal to these smaller branches, the common femoral artery bifurcates into the deep femoral (or profunda femoris) and superficial femoral artery. Branches arising from the common femoral artery include superficial epigastric artery, superficial circumflex artery, and external pudendal artery. Its length and diameter are quite variable depending on characteristics such as height, weight, sex and ethnicity. The average common femoral artery is approximately 4 cm in length and lies just anterior to the femoral head. The two bony landmarks useful for identifying the inguinal ligament are the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis. It is found just medial to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament in the inguinal crease region. The common femoral artery forms as a continuation of the external iliac artery below the level of the inguinal ligament. The femoral artery is clinically significant because it is a frequent site of peripheral arterial disease complications as well as an access point for many endovascular procedures. The deep femoral artery terminates as perforating arteries in the thigh. The superficial femoral artery continues distally to the level of the adductor hiatus where it terminates as the popliteal artery. The common femoral artery gives off the deep femoral branch and continues as the superficial femoral artery. The artery and vein are both contained within the femoral sheath while the nerve is not. Within the femoral triangle, the anatomical relationship from medial to lateral is femoral vein, common femoral artery, and femoral nerve. The femoral artery, vein, and nerve all exist in the anterior region of the thigh known as the femoral triangle, just inferior to the inguinal ligament. The common femoral artery arises as a continuation of the external iliac artery after it passes under the inguinal ligament. The femoral artery is a large vessel that provides oxygenated blood to lower extremity structures and in part to the anterior abdominal wall.
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